Brief History of the District:

Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh is named after the city of Lucknow. It is state headquarter  of Uttar Pradesh Government. It has always been a seat of art, literature, culture and learning. In ancient times, it formed a part of Kaushal Kingdom and later on it was annexed to Avadh state. Various legends have been associated with the origin of the name Lucknow. It is said that the city was named after the name of Lakshman, the younger brother of Lord Rama. In the north-west of the city, near the Harding’s bridge there still exists a mound on the right bank of the river Gomati which is called Lakshman tila. It is  traditionally accepted though, no such recorded evidence is however, available supporting this theory. Some of the scholars are of the opinion that the city was named after a milk man (Ahir) named Lakhana, who became rich as a result of the spiritual blessing of a Muslim saint. There are no historical records corroborating above theories. It is one of the oldest city of India. Before 2001 census it is the capital town of Uttar Pradesh & Uttranchal both. It is said that its original name was Lakshmanpuri,, then Lakhanpur and Lakhanawati before assuming the present name as Lucknow. It has already been described, Lucknow formed part of ancient Kosala kingdom (Kosala Maha Janapada), which was spread in the north of the foot of Nepal hills and in the east it was bounded by the river Sadanira, on the south it was bounded by Sayandilea. There is a mention about existence of Kosala kingdom in the Buddhist text, ‘Arunguttara Nikaya’. Various clans and dynasties have ruled this region during different times. Saiyed Salar Masud, deputed by his uncle Mahmood of Ghazni, is said to be the first Muslim who invaded this region. Some times during 1031-1033 A.D. he made satrikh in Barabanki district his headquarters. Bhars, Pasis and Rajputs also ruled this region. Latter on Muslims settled in the district in the beginning of the 13th century with the arrival of sheikhs of Kasmandi Kalan. The Kidwai Sheikhs of Jeggaur settled in 52 villages pargana Lucknow. The early sultans of Delhi annexed Avadh to their kingdom and thereafter Lucknow continued to be under the sultan of Delhi. However, it gained a significant prominence during the times of Tuglaqs. Sin-ul–Mulk son of Mahru, was appointed the Governor of Avadh, Zafrabad and Alakhnau (Lucknow). Lucknow came under the rule of Khwaja Jahan of the Sharki dynasty of Jaunpur in 1934. After the fall of Sharki dynasty of Jaunpur, Lucknow was annexed again with the kingdom of Lodhi Sultans of Delhi. 

Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in 1526 and became the first Mughal Emperor of India. His son Humanyun took over the charge of Lucknow in the same year. But in 1527 he left the assignment to assist  his father in the battle to be fought with Rana Sanga, the famous Rajput king. Taking the advantage of his  absence the Afghans Captured Lucknow from the possession of Mughals, but it was only a temporary  affair. Babar reoccupied Lucknow during 1528. During Akbar’s regime Lucknow got more importance for its developmental activities which continued even in Jahangir’s reign Lucknow formed a part of Suba of Avadh. Jahangir visited Lucknow, during his father’s reign and named a locality as Mirza Mandi. It is said that Aurangzeb also visited Lucknow on his way back from Ayodhya to Delhi and built a mosque on Lakshman Tila. Shah Peer Mohammad, a contemporary saint, who migrated from Jaunpur, died here and lays buried near this mosque. 

Sadat Khan Burhan-ul–Mulk whose original name was Mir Mohammad Amin was the founder of Avadh dynasty. He belonged to a noble saiyed family who claimed to be the descendent of Prophet Mohammed. His father came to India in 1701with the eldest son Mohd. Baquer and settled in Patna. Later on Mir Mohammad Amin also visited this country in 1708 to see his father and elder brother but his father expired before his arrival. Consequently both the brothers, Mohammad Baquer and Mir Mohammad Amin left for Delhi. Initially Mir Mohammad joined the service of an Amin. For some time he worked under Sarbuland Khan, Faujdar of Katra Manikpur, but soon after he managed to get a post of Mansab under Farrukh Siyar. He played a key role in over throwing saiyed brothers. For his meritorious services he was awarded the title of Sadat Khan Bahadur in 1720 and in 1722 he was appointed governor of Avadh. At that moment Lucknow was under the influence of Shaikhzadas. Sadat Khan settled the disturbed fortunes of his territory, with the might of sword, and established his court at Faizabad, Nawab Burhan –ul-mulk (Sadat Khan) was summoned to Delhi in the wake of Nadir shah’s invasion, where he died a natural death in 1739 A.D. 

Sadat Khan was succeeded by his son-in-law Mohammad Muqim, under the title of Abul Mansur Khan Safdar Jung. Safdar Jung’s rule of 15 years saw no peace as due to continuous struggle with the Bangash Pathan’s Farrukhabad. Safdarjung had to leave Delhi due to court conspiracies. He returned to Avadh in 1,753, but died within a year at Paper ghat near Sultanpur in 1,754. His mausoleum in Delhi is one of the finest pieces of architecture of that period.  

Safdarjung was succeeded by his son Jalal-ud-din Haider Shuja-ud-daula, who stayed mostly at Faizabad. He supported Mir Kasim in the battle of Baksar in 1,764 but was defeated, which compelled him to enter into a treaty with the East –India Company, in addition to payment of 50 lakh of rupees. This was the advent of British on the soil of Avadh. The 1st British resident Mr. Middleton entered the court of  Nawab Wazeer in 1,773. Safdar Jung was a restless, impulsive and ambition ruler who not only brought violent disturbances but also momentous vicissitudes for his reign. From the time of Shuja-ud-daula onwards, the Nawabs surrendered their independence little by little, over the coming years. Shuja-uddaula’s wife Bahu Begum,was a woman of great distinction and rank, who contributed significantly towards the growth and consolidation of her husband’s government. During the days of Shuja-ud-daula, Faizabad attained a prosperity which it never saw again. Suja died in 1,774 and was laid to rest at this mausoleum at Gulab Bari, Faizabad. 

The occession of Asif-ud-daula, the forth Nawab Wazir of Avadh, brought a great change in Avadh politics. The capital was finally shifted from Faizabad to Lucknow in 1,755 which contributed to its significant growth. The most important outcome of Asif-ud-daula’s reign of the count at Lucknow was the emergence of a powerful shia culture which is still in constant interaction with the shia heart lands of Iran and Iraq. Asaf-ud-daula was also a great builder. He built the ‘Daulat Khana’ as a residence for himself to that west of Macchi Bhawan, the Rumi Darvaza and the incomparable Bara Imanbara. The Nawab departed for his heavenly abode in 1,797 and was laid to rest in his magnificent Imambara. Wazir –Ali-the son of Asif-ud-daula assumed rulership after him, but within four months of his rule he was  alienated by the British and his subjects and was finally deposed and imprisoned in the Chunar fort, where he died. 

Yamin-ud-daula Nawab Sadat Ali Khan was the son of Asaf-ud-daula. Who was crowned on 21st Jan., 1798 at a grand darbar at Bibiyapur palace, by Sir John Shore? As a mark of gratitude he ceded half of Avadh kingdom to the British in 1801. The Avadh style was gradually abandoned during reign of Sadat Ali Khan and European innovations were adopted largely. The result was that Lucknow became rendezvous for more distinguished people than ever before. In 1814 Nawab Sadat Ali Khan died and was buried at his tomb with his wife Khursheed Zadi in the twin tombs of Qaisherbagh adjoining the begums Hazrat Mahal park.  Ghazi-ud-din Haider (1814-1827), Nasir-ud-din Haider(1827-1837), Mohammad Ali Shah (1837-1842), Amjad Ali Shah(1842-1847) were the successor of each other respectively. The construction of famous Chhota Imambara was started in the period of Muhammad Ali Shah. Amjad Ali Shah’s eldest son, Wazid Ali Sah, who was eventually destined to the last ruler of Avadh, ascended to the throne of Avadh in 1847. Wazid Ali Shah was a great patron of singers, musicians, dancers and artists. He was also greatly interested in architecture. He started building the Qaiserbagh palace complex. Wazid Ali shah was a weak king and unable to face the threat passed by British. Consequently the British speeded up their efforts to take Avadh in their grip. Colonel Sleeman was appointed as Resident in 1849 and was authorised by Lord Dollhouzie to tour entire Avadh and report the general condition of the people. Afterwards General Outram was sent to Lucknow as officiating Resident in December, 1854 and was directed to submit a report on the affair of Avadh. The king of Avadh refused to sign the treaty with the British for surrendering his kingdom to the East India Company. The king himself resigned and there after passed his life in exile as pensioner of the company. Major Glceps Outram took the charge of administration of Avadh on 7th February, 1856. Thus, the Avadh came under the rule of East India Company. The last king of Avadh left Avadh for Calcutta on 14th of March, 1856 and died their in 1887.

Lucknow has been the main centre of activities relating to first mutiny for freedom of India in 1857. On  17th  January, 1857 Maulvi Ahmad Ullah Shah, who is also known as Sikandar Shah came to Lucknow after being expelled from Agra. There he preached people to fight against the British rule. Battles were fought at Malihabad, Lucknow, Chinhat and Alambagh against the British forces. The forces of Avadh fought the battle under the leadership of Begum Hazarat Mahal and the forces of Rajas and Nawabs revolted not only in Lucknow but at other places as well. Prominent places among them were  Kanpur, Bithur, Kalpi, Jhansi, Gwalior, Meerut and Delhi. After this revolt, the control of the East India Company came to an end and the British crown assumed the charge of Indian Government.  

After the first meeting for freedom in 1857, many other important events had also taken place in Lucknow. For instance, the session of Indian National Congress was held in Lucknow in 1899 with R. C. Dutt as the president of the Congress and later on, in 1916 as well, Lucknow was venue of the session of  Indian National Congress and Muslim League. The leader of both the parties sorted out their difference and chalked out a common programme for political reforms. This is prominently known as the Lucknow  pact. During the Non-cooperation movement of 1920-21 the people of Avadh took active part by organising boycott of foreign goods, picketing of liquor shops and boycotting of schools and colleges. Mahatma Gandhi himself visited Lucknow city on 20 th October, 1920. Among the main political figures prominent in these days were Ganga Prasad Verma, A.P. Sen, Rai Rajeshwar Bali, Jagat Narain and  others. On 9th August, 1925 the famous Kakori Train Dacoity ( known as ‘Kakori case’) took place. At Kakori Railway station some persons belonging to Revolutionary party stopped the 8 Down Moradabad, Lucknow passenger train by pulling the alarm chain and forcibly took away a sum of Rs. 4,67,916 from the Guard’s compartment. Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahri, Ashfaqullah Khan, Sachindra Nath Bakshi and Jagesh Chatterje were prominent leaders of the Revolutionary party. In fact, these revolutionaries wanted to make India free from the British slavery by any means whether nonviolent or violent. The 49th session of the India National Congress was held at Lucknow in 1936 under the president ship of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. People of Lucknow participated in Quit India Movement in  1942 on large scale. Thus Lucknow has been the main centre of political activities during India’s freedom struggle. It is also known for social and cultural harmony religious tolerance and Hindu –Muslim unity.  


Administrative setup:

The seat of state administration and district headquarters is at Lucknow. It is the central part of  the State. The district is administratively divided into 04 tahsils namely Malihabad, Lucknow, Bakshi Ka Talab and Mohanlalganj. For implementation and monitoring of development scheme the district is divided into 08 development blocks namely Mal, Malihabad, Bakshi-Ka-Talab, Chinhat, Kakori,  Sarojaninagar, Gosainganj and Mohanlalganj. Total area of the district is 2528.0 Sq. Km. The rural area covers 2057.3 Sq. Km. and urban recorded 470.7 Sq. There are 498 Gram Panchayats and 807 Revenue  villages with 803 inhabited villages and 04 uninhabited villages in the district. In urban area there are 10 statutory Towns and 02 Census Towns. Statutory Towns comprises of 01 Nagar Nigam (Municipal Corporation), 08 Nagar Panchayats and 01 cantonment Board. 

Jurisdictional Changes (2001-2011)

Neither any Tahsil/ Development Block have been created/merged nor declassified after 2001 Census. One new statutory town Bakshi-Ka-Talab Nagar Panchayats have been created in year 2009. The state Government administration has reported following jurisdictional changes have been taken place during the decade:-  



District Administration:

District administration comprises of Revenue, Development, Police (Law and Order), Judiciary,  and Local self-government. District Magistrate is In-charge of revenue & administration. He is assisted by Additional District Magistrate (Finance and Revenue) i.e., ADM (F&R). At the tahsil level Sub Divisional Magistrate is In-charge, who is now redesignated as Up-Jila Adhikari. He is assisted by Tahsildars in each tahsil and for revenue collection each tahsil is further entrusted to Naib Tahsildars and Kanongos's circles respectively. For each revenue village, Lekhpal is In-charge. 
 
Chief Development Officer (C.D.O) and District Development Officer (D.D.O) are In-charge for development activities in the district. They also assist District Magistrate for implementation and monitoring of various development schemes in the district.  Project Director is also deployed to assist D.M and C.D.O. in formations & supervision of different development programmes in the district. For development of rural area, district is further divided into Development Block well known as Vikas Khand (also known as Office of Kshetra Panchayats). Block Development Officers (B.D.O) look after development works at Blocks level. For his assistance Assistant Development Officer and at village level Village Development Officers have been deployed.  

Under the police set-up Senior Superintendent of Police (S.S.P) and Superintendent of Police (S.P) are In-charge of their respective district. Additional Superintendent of Police (A.S.P) is also deployed to assist S.S.P/S.P in their respective area. Deputy Superintendent of Police (D.S.P)/ Circle Officer (C.O) look-after the law and order of the area allotted to them. Police Inspectors and Sub-Inspectors are Incharges of their respective Thanas/Police stations depending upon the population and area.

The Judicial administration of the District is headed by District and Session Judge. In  addition to him there  are  several  Additional  District  Judge,  Civil Judge, Chief Judicial  Magistrate  and  Munsif Magistrate and others judiciary officer are also posted to look after legal matters.  

Besides these administrative officers a number of other district level officers are also posted at District headquarters. Other District Level of Offices are District Informatics Officer (NIC), Field  Publicity Officer and Income Tax Officer, Sr. Treasury Officer, District Supply Officer, District Agriculture Officer, District Economics & Statistical Officer, District Savings Officer, District Sports Officer, District Employment Officer, Trade tax Officer, Entertainment Tax Officer, District Prosecution  Officer, District Excise Officer, General Manager District Industry Centre, Plant Protection Officer, District Panchayat Raj Officer, District Programme Officer, Basic Shiksha Adhikari, District Inspector of Schools, Sp. Land acquisition Officer, District Social Welfare Officer, Minority Welfare Officer, Project Manager (U.P.L.D.C.), Asstt. Regional Transport Officer, Asstt. District Election Officer, and District Soldier welfare Officer are also deployed for monitoring and execution of various development activities  in there district.
 
The Nucleus of the district body for self government is consisted of Mayor & Nagar Ayukat at Nagar Nigam level and Executive Officer (E.O) & Chairman of their respective Nagar Palika Parishad/ Nagar Panchayats. Similarly at Jila Parishad level Jila Panchayats Chairman & Apar Mukhya Adhikari (AMA) work as a public representative. Pramukh of Kshetra Samiti/Panchayat & B.D.O in Vikas Khand level, Gram Pradhan & Panchayat secretary in his Gram Panchayats comes under Local self government. Other members of different local bodies also represent their respective area at ward and village level. 

Physical Features: 

Location and Size: 

The physical features of the district may be described in terms of location boundaries and area. Lucknow is almost centrally located in the state. It is in the Lucknow division consisting of Lucknow. Unnao, Rae Bareli, Sitapur, Hardoi and Kheri district. It is also the headquarter of Lucknow division located between the parallels of 26 degree 30’ and 27 degree 10’north latitude and 80 degree 34’ and 81 degree 12’ east longitude. It is situated 125 meter high form the sea level. It is bounded in the north by the district Sitapur, on the east by Barabanki, on the south by Rae Bareli, on the north-west Hardoi and on the south-west Unnao. River Sai provides a natural boundary to the southwest side of the district for a short distance. The total area of the district is 2,528 sq. km. The length and breath (a real distance) of the district is about 73 kms and 52 kms respectively. 

 

Physiography:

Lucknow is a centrally placed district of middle Ganga plain-west as well as of Uttar Pradesh. On  the whole it has a plain area formed of Alluvium and Dun gravels of recent age, but the level of northern part is comparatively higher than the southern part. According to the factors like topography, geology, soils, climate and natural vegetation as taken up for the delineation of regional divisions, the district of  Lucknow has been divided in the following three Sub-micro regions: 

(i) Gomati Basin
(ii) Lucknow Uparwar Plain
(iii) Upper Sai Catchments

A brief description of these Sub-micro regions is an under: 

Gomati Basin: 

Gomati basin is located in the northern part of the district. It is a flat plain sloping towards southern side farmed of Alluvium and Dun gravels of recent age. A right angle bend is noticed in the  slope direction near Kakori. Besides Gomati, Behta, Kukrail and other small streams drain in this tract. The area adjoining there streams are corded by water. A few patches of sand dunes are also observed near  Laulal and Deoria villages. Road transport is well developed. The soil is suitable for horticulture. The famous Dashehri variety of mango is produced in this region. Large number of nurseries are located in Malihabad tahsil. Every year a large quantity of mango is exported to other parts of the country as well as abroad Lucknow a well known historical town and administrative centre of Uttar Pradesh is situated in this belt. There are number of places for tourist interest. A large number of tourists visit these places every year. Kakori is the other centre which is related with the freedom movements of the country. Besides, other places of significance are Malihabad, Mohana, Itaunja, Gosainganj, Amethi and Nagram.

Lucknow-Uparwar Plain: 

This Plain is situated in between Sai and Gomati rivers extending in east-west direction. It has the
same geology and soil types are also similar as that of the region of Gomati Basin. It is a watershed zone of the above streams which has comparatively higher land surface. It slopes from north-west to southeast. There are numerous depression which are locally known as Tal or Jhil. These Tals are mostly
located in the south-eastern part. Besides irrigation, they have many other utilization. Patches of Usar land  are also located around Mohanlalganj. The network of transport are comparatively more dense in the north-west of Mohanlalganj than in other parts of the region. 

Upper Sai Catchments:

The region is situated along the course of Sai river in the southern part of the district. It is formed  of Alluvium and Dun gravels of recent age. Sai river separates Lucknow from Unnao. There are number of small tributaries of Sai which flow from north to south direction. Bakh is the main rivulet which originates from a local depression which forms a chain of Jhils that runs through the village of Mohammadinagar, Saleh and Aurangabad and to the east of Bijnor beyond the region. The general slope of the area is towards south. It is a flat-plain with very little topographic variation.  

Drainage:

The river Gomati has taken its rise form the district Pilibhit. It then flows through district Kheri  before, entering district Lucknow at meeting point of the borders of Lucknow, Hardoi and Sitapur district. Taking a meandering course it flows across the district from north-west to south-east. To the north and east of the river Gomati the land is undulating plain. The main tributaries of river Gomati are Akraddi Nala, Jhilingi, Behta and Lone on the right bank of the river and Kukrail, Reth and some minor ‘Nalas’ are on the left bank. 

The river Sai enters in the district at village Sulsa Mau and lows towards south-east providing natural boundary up to the village. Agahiya with district Unnao and then turns to south. The Sai and part of its catchments areas falls to the south and south-east of the district. Most of the areas are under ‘Usar’ land along the river bank or at some distance from the bank Nagwa Nala and Bankhi are the main tributaries of the river Sai. The central upland on the higher watersheds runs from the north-east to southeast which separates the Gomati basin and the river Sai and its catchment area. In addition to river and rivulets mentioned above, there are a number of Jhils such as Hardoiya, Sissendi, Khartola, Kursela etc. in the district. All these Jhils get dry up in the summer season.  

Climate:

The district is situated in sub-tropical region. Accordingly, its climate is sub-tropical monsoon  type. There are three main season-summer, rainy and winter. The summer season starts from March and continue up to June whereas Rainy season starts from July and continue till October and winter season  from November to February. The only observatory in the district is located at Amahusi Aerodrome under the charge of Meteorological department, government of India. Temperature and rainfall are recorded at this centre. On the whole climate condition of the district is moderate type i.e.; neither too cold nor too  hot. July and August months receive maximum rainfall. May and June are the hottest months while January is  the coldest.  

Natural and Economic Resources:

Forestry:

District Lucknow is quite poor in respect of its forest resources. It has been reported that out of  the area of about 251,592 hectare during 2008-09 only 13,082 hectare is under the forest cover, which is  5.19 per cent of total area. The district possesses such trees and grass which are typical to the central  Gangetic plain. In this connection a mention may be made of National Botanical Garden at the Lucknow but it has hardly any economic pay offs. Broadly speaking the district does not have any organized forest.  Still, there is a reserved forest over several acres known as kukrail reserved forest on the surroundings of the Lucknow city. Mango, Anwala (Emblica officinalis), Bel (Aegel Marmelas), Jamum (Black bery), Ber  (Plum), Lemon, Khajoor (Date), Babul (Acacia), Ashok (Saraca Asoca), Bamboo, Banayana, Gular (Ficus racemasa), Palash (Butea mnosperma), Madar (Calotropis procera), Dhak, Sheesham (Dalbergia sisoo), Mahua (Madhuka indica), Neem (Azadirachta Indica) and Peepal (Ficus religious) trees are found in the district.  

Minerals and Mining:

No minerals are found in the district so also mining does not stand in the economy of the district.  

Soil:

There are two distinct types of soils in the district viz. Kankar, brick earth and muribeds are found in northern and southern parts of the district, while loam soils is found in the remaining portions. Alkaline land is found on the western plains of the district. 

Land and Land Use Pattern:

The land level is  plain with slight slope from north –west to south-east. Being situated in the  doab the land is fertile. As per the Statistical Diary 2010 , the land use statistics shows, 13,082 hectare  area under forest, 136,459 hectare  area under  net sown area , 34,771 hectare  area under current and other follow and 49,031 hectare  area under land put other than agriculture. The land holding are generally small in size.  

Agriculture and Corp Pattern:

 During 2008-09  the net area of land sown was 136,459 hectare. There are three harvests called  by the usual names, Rabi, Kharif and Zaid. Wheat and Barley are the main Rabi crops. The other Rabi corps are Gram, Peas, Arhar, Oilseeds etc. The main Kharif crops are Paddy, Maize, Juwar, Bajra, Urad, Moong and Soiabene. Development of fruit belt specially of Mango has attained the main attraction of the cultivators and the area are Kakori and Malihabad distinguishes themselves in the production of Good quality of Mango-Dasahary which is also exported to other states and countries of the world.   

The production of vegetable is also very encouraging by demand factor of the crowded population of the city. Potato, Tomato and other Green vegetables are produced in the large quantities by the suburb farmers of the district. The high yielding variety seeds have been applied for Wheat, Maize, Rice, Bajara and Vegetables. Under the crop pattern potatoes is followed by Wheat Maize followed by vegetables, Paddy is followed by wheat and mixed crop cultures is still continues in the district. 

Irrigation:

The main sources of  irrigation in the district are Government tube wells, private tube wells, canal  and pump sets. During year 2008-2009 the area irrigated by canal, government tubewells, private tubewells and other sources is 24194 hectare, 5136 hectare, 95,942 hectare and 484 hectare respectively.  In addition to this for the irrigation of small land holdings fulfilled by  wells, rivers, lake and ponds. 

Animal Husbandry: 

Animal husbandry has special place in the national economy. It is an integral part of the rural economy. Keeping in view of the growing importance of the animal husbandry, live-stock Census is under-taken in every five years. In order to increase production of animals , The district administration has implemented programmes, of healthcare and improvement in breeds etc. To improve the health and progeny of animals, the district had the services of many Veterinary dispensaries, many animal development centres, and artificial insemination centre. There are running for prevention and treatment of various animal diseases and development of livestock .Besides these some pig development center pigri units are also working in the district.  

After the establishment of milk Co-operatives emphasis is being given on increasing of milk production in the district. There are many milk Co-operative societies in the district. 

Fishery:  

Fisheries supplement to agriculture sector. The prospects of fisheries in the district is very much encouraging and Government is also doing notable work in this sphere. The main activities of  the fisheries department are development and exploitation of reservoirs for pisiculture and supply fingerlings to private breeders. For production of figurelings, the district covers the area of many hectares in different production centre.There many ponds under Gramshabha and revenue department. Ponds  controlled by Gramshabha and revenue department are leased to the fisherman. Fisheries department in the same year had distributed finger-lings to breeders. 
 

Industry:

Under organized industrial units there are mainly units of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited,  Eveready flash light company, and U.P. Asbestos limited, Paper Mill Company limited are functioning. Under unorganized sector in the field of small industry units’ mainly traditional industries i.e. chikan and making toys of soils occur.  

Trade and Commerce:

Banks play an important role in the socio-economic development of the district because it gives  loans for the multiple purposes. During the decade  there were various branches of the nationalized banks. In addition to branches of non-nationalized banks, district co-operative banks and  branches of Bhumi Vikas banks are also functioning. Many agricultural credit societies are also functioning in the district connecting all the villages.  Kraya-Vikray (Purchase – sale) credit societies, Joint agricultural societies, primary milk co-operative societies, fish development societies, primary industry co–operative societies,  cane co–operative societies and  weaving co-operative societies are available for all round development of the district. There are two employment offices and four Industrial education centres for guidance. Industrial institutions in part training to the aspirants who are interested in self employment. Banks are providing loans for agriculture and Kutir udhyog (small –scale industries).  

Transport:

Proper network of transport has played an important role for the all round development of the  district. The District is well connected by rail and road. The network of roads is very rich. By road transport, the services of buses of state transport co-operation are provided on the important routes and on  the other small and undeveloped routes the services are provided by private buses and trucks. Networking  of rail link is also available. Being the capital city of the state of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow is connected with the major cities of the country and for passenger to super fast trains are available to different  destinations from this place.

Electricity and Power: 

Electricity is the primary infrastructural facility required for the development of economy. The regular supply of electricity is being demanded to operate tube well for irrigation and for production in industry. The necessity of electricity has become part and parcel of the life of people.  All the urban areas have electric facility.